Part VII Commercial Air Services. Canadian Aviation Regulations. Quick Links. Canadian Aviation Regulations CARs 2. Standard 7. 25 Airline Operations Aeroplanes. Foreword. These Commercial Air Service Standards outline the requirements for complying with Subpart 7. Canadian Aviation Regulations. For ease of cross reference the divisions and numbers of the standard are assigned to correspond to the regulations, therefore Section 7. Ground Environment X North America Ground Environment X brings allnew ground textures to FSX, and it boasts an incredible 1 mpixel texture resolution, using. Flying technique back to the top Airbus Braking Recommendations Airbus pilots will find in this Airbus briefing lots of information concerning braking recommendations. If you do not confirmaccept the offer we send after your inquiry, you will not have a booking with us and as we are mostly fully booked. According to the International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO, a runway is a defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and takeoff of. Airbus A320 Ground Operations Manual Programs' title='Airbus A320 Ground Operations Manual Programs' />Section 7. Canadian Aviation Regulations. DIVISION I GENERAL. The standards under this subpart apply to every Canadian air operator engaged in commercial air services under Subpart 7. Canadian Aviation Regulations. Definitions. The words and expressions used in these Standards have the same meaning as in the General Provisions in Part I of the Canadian Aviation Regulations with the following additions. Precision Runway Monitor PRM equipment and procedures that enable simultaneous independent approaches to be made in instrument meteorological conditions IMC to parallel or near parallel runways with centrelines that are spaced less than 4,3. DIVISION II CERTIFICATION. Issuance or Amendment of Air Operator Certificate. Application for an Air Operator Certificate. The following constitutes an application for an air operator certificate. Airports information required to determine the suitability of the base of operations, any sub bases and all scheduled points. The operator shall be able to demonstrate that operations are permitted at each base, sub base or scheduled point. This will normally be done by providing written permission from the Local Airport Authority LAA. Where the air operator cannot obtain written permission and operations have not been denied in writing by the LAA, access to the aerodrome shall be demonstrated by other means such as facilities provided through a lease, contractual agreement, etc. Aircraft information with respect to each aeroplane by registration. Personnel information on required personnel. These shall be supported by resumes and statements of qualification for each position. Maintenance Facilities. Download Fm Radio Apk For Samsung. Maintenance Control Procedures. Company Operations Manual. Standard Operating Procedures. Minimum Equipment Lists if applicable. Company Check Pilot if applicable. Cabin Safety if applicable and. Canada. 2 Qualifications and Responsibilities of Managerial Personnel. Operations Manager. Qualifications. A holds or has held the appropriate licence and ratings for which a pilot in command is required to hold for one of the aeroplanes operated or. B has acquired not less than 3 years related supervisory experience with an operator of a commercial air service whose flight operations are similar in size and scope and. C demonstrates knowledge to the Minister with respect to the content of the operations manual, the air operators certificate and operations specifications, the provision of the regulations and standards necessary to carry out the duties and responsibilities to ensure safety. Responsibilities. The operations manager is responsible for safe flight operations. In particular, the responsibilities of the position include. A control of operations and operational standards of all aeroplanes operated. B the identification of operations coordination functions which impact on operational control eg. C supervision, organization, manning and efficiency of the following. I flight operations. II cabin safety. III crew scheduling and rostering. IV training programs and. V safety management system amended 2. D the contents of the air operators company operations manual. E the supervision of and the production and amendment of the company operations manual. F liaison with the regulatory authority on all matters concerning flight operations, including any variations to the air operators operator certificate. G liaison with any external agencies which may affect air operator operations. H ensuring that the air operators operations are conducted in accordance with current regulations, standards and air operator policy. I ensuring that crew scheduling complies with flight and duty time regulations, and that all crew members are kept informed of any changes to the regulations and standards. J the receipt and actioning of any aeronautical information affecting the safety of flight. K the dissemination of aeroplane safety information, both internal and external, in conjunction with the safety management system amended 2. L qualifications of flight and cabin crews. M maintenance of a current operations library and. N in his or her absence delegating all responsibilities for operational duties to another qualified individual, except that the knowledge requirements detailed under operations manager qualifications may be demonstrated to the air operator rather than the Minister. Chief Pilot. i Qualifications. The Chief Pilot shall have the following qualifications amended 2. A hold a valid Airline Transport Pilot Licence aeroplanes, a valid Instrument Rating appropriate for the group of aeroplane and a type rating for at least one of the types of aeroplanes operated. B have at least 3 years aeroplane experience commercial operations experience not required as pilot in command amended 1. I of an aeroplane referred to in paragraph 7. Canadian Aviation Regulations andamended 1. II in the weight group more or less than 1. C be qualified for line flying on one of the types of aeroplanes operated. D demonstrate knowledge to the Minister with respect to the content of the Company Operations Manual, Training Manuals, Standard Operating Procedures, Approved Check Pilot Manual if applicable, and the provisions of the Regulations and Standards necessary to carry out the duties and responsibilities of the position and. E the chief pilots personal record in relation to aviation shall not include amended 2. I any conviction under subsection 7. Aeronautics Act or. II two or more convictions, occurring during separate unrelated events, under the Canadian Aviation Regulations. Responsibilities. The chief pilot is responsible for the professional standards of the flight crews under hisher authority, and in particular. A developing standard operating procedures. B developing andor implementing all required approved training programs for the air operator flight crews. C issuing directives and notices to the flight crews as required. D the operational suitability and requirements of all aerodromes and routes served by the air operator. E the actioning and distribution of accident, incident, and other occurrence reports. F the processing and actioning of any flight crew reports. G the supervision of flight crews. H assuming any responsibilities delegated by the Operations Manager and. I in his or her absence, all responsibilities for duties shall be delegated to another qualified individual, except that the knowledge requirements detailed under chief pilot qualifications may be demonstrated to the air operator rather than the Minister. Spandex Load 9. Maintenance Manager. The maintenance manager shall be qualified in accordance with section 7. Canadian Aviation Regulations, Person Responsible for Maintenance Control System. Flight Attendant Manager. Qualifications. A Flight Attendant Manager shall. A know such of the contents of the air operators operations manual, air operator certificate and operations specifications as are necessary for the performance of the assigned duties. Runway WikipediaLanding strip and RWY redirect here. For the pubic hairstyle, see Bikini waxing. For the audiovideo connectors, see RCA connector. According to the International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO, a runway is a defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and takeoff of aircraft. Runways may be a man made surface often asphalt, concrete, or a mixture of both or a natural surface grass, dirt, gravel, ice, or salt. Font and size of numbers and letters. FAA airport diagram at OHare International Airport. From left to right, runways 1. R2. 7L, 9. L2. 7R and 1. Runways are named by a number between 0. This heading differs from true north by the local magnetic declination. A runway numbered 0. When taking off from or landing on runway 0. A runway can normally be used in both directions, and is named for each direction separately e. The two numbers usually differ by 1. If there is more than one runway pointing in the same direction parallel runways, each runway is identified by appending Left L, Center C and Right R to the number to identify its position when facing its direction for example, Runways One Five Left 1. L, One Five Center 1. C, and One Five Right 1. R. Runway Zero Three Left 0. L becomes Runway Two One Right 2. R when used in the opposite direction derived from adding 1. In some countries, if parallel runways are too close to each other, regulations mandate that only one runway may be used at a time under certain conditions usually adverse weather. At large airports with four or more parallel runways for example, at Los Angeles, Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County, Hartsfield Jackson Atlanta, Denver, Dallas Fort Worth and Orlando some runway identifiers are shifted by 1. For example, in Los Angeles, this system results in runways 6. L, 6. R, 7. L, and 7. R, even though all four runways are actually parallel approximately 6. At DallasFort Worth International Airport, there are five parallel runways, named 1. L, 1. 7C, 1. 7R, 1. Download Key Vault Editor Xbox 360'>Download Key Vault Editor Xbox 360. L, and 1. 8R, all oriented at a heading of 1. Occasionally, an airport with only 3 parallel runways may use different runway identifiers, for example when a third parallel runway was opened at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport in 2. R2. 6L, rather than confusingly becoming the new 8. R2. 6L it was instead designated 7. R2. 5L, with the former 8. R2. 6L becoming 7. L2. 5R and 8. L2. R becoming 82. 6. For clarity in radio communications, each digit in the runway name is pronounced individually runway three six, runway one four, etc. A leading zero, for example in runway zero six or runway zero one left, is included for all ICAO and some U. S.  military airports such as Edwards Air Force Base. However, most U. S. FAA regulation. 2 This also includes some military airfields such as Cairns Army Airfield. This American anomaly may lead to inconsistencies in conversations between American pilots and controllers in other countries. It is very common in a country such as Canada for a controller to clear an incoming American aircraft to, for example, runway 0. In flight simulation programs those of American origin might apply U. S. usage to airports around the world. For example, runway 0. Halifax will appear on the program as the single digit 5 rather than 0. Runway designations change over time because the magnetic poles slowly drift on the Earths surface and the magnetic bearing will change. Depending on the airport location and how much drift takes place, it may be necessary over time to change the runway designation. As runways are designated with headings rounded to the nearest 1. For example, if the magnetic heading of a runway is 2. Runway 2. 3. If the magnetic heading changed downwards by 5 degrees to 2. Runway would still be Runway 2. If on the other hand the original magnetic heading was 2. Runway 2. 3, and the heading decreased by only 2 degrees to 2. Runway 2. 2. Because the drift itself is quite slow, runway designation changes are uncommon, and not welcomed, as they require an accompanying change in aeronautical charts and descriptive documents. When runway designations do change, especially at major airports, it is often changed at night as taxiway signs need to be changed and the huge numbers at each end of the runway need to be repainted to the new runway designators. In July 2. 00. 9 for example, London Stansted Airport in the United Kingdom changed its runway designations from 0. For fixed wing aircraft it is advantageous to perform takeoffs and landings into the wind to reduce takeoff or landing roll and reduce the ground speed needed to attain flying speed. Larger airports usually have several runways in different directions, so that one can be selected that is most nearly aligned with the wind. Airports with one runway are often constructed to be aligned with the prevailing wind. Compiling a wind rose is in fact one of the preliminary steps taken in constructing airport runways. Note that wind direction is given as the direction the wind is coming from a plane taking off from runway 0. Declared distanceseditRunway dimensions vary from as small as 2. Edwards Air Force Base in California a landing site for the retired Space Shuttle. Takeoff and landing distances available are given using one of the following terms TORA5Takeoff Run Available The length of runway declared available and suitable for the ground run of an airplane taking off. TODA5Takeoff Distance Available The length of the takeoff run available plus the length of the clearway, if clearway is provided. The clearway length allowed must lie within the aerodrome or airport boundary. According to the Federal Aviation Regulations and Joint Aviation Requirements JAR TODA is the lesser of TORA plus clearway or 1. TORA. ASDA5Accelerate Stop Distance Available The length of the takeoff run available plus the length of the stopway, if stopway is provided. LDA5Landing Distance Available The length of runway that is declared available and suitable for the ground run of an airplane landing. EMDA8Emergency Distance Available LDA or TORA plus a stopway. Sections of a runwayedit There are runway markings. The runway thresholds are markings across the runway that denote the beginning and end of the designated space for landing and takeoff under non emergency conditions. The runway safety area is the cleared, smoothed and graded area around the paved runway. It is kept free from any obstacles that might impede flight or ground roll of aircraft. The runway is the surface from threshold to threshold, which typically features threshold markings, numbers, and centerlines, but not overrun areas at both ends. Blast pads, also known as overrun areas or stopways, are often constructed just before the start of a runway where jet blast produced by large planes during the takeoff roll could otherwise erode the ground and eventually damage the runway. Overrun areas are also constructed at the end of runways as emergency space to slowly stop planes that overrun the runway on a landing gone wrong, or to slowly stop a plane on a rejected takeoff or a takeoff gone wrong. Blast pads are often not as strong as the main paved surface of the runway and are marked with yellow chevrons. Planes are not allowed to taxi, take off or land on blast pads, except in an emergency.